Wellbeing

Author: Maisie Thompson, Paediatric Occupational Therapist
4 min read

You may have heard the term executive functioning skills before, especially when exploring ways to support your child’s development. But what does it really mean — and why is it so important for children?

In simple terms, executive functioning skills are a group of mental processes that help us plan, organise, focus attention, regulate emotions, and manage daily tasks. These skills act like an air traffic control system for the brain — helping children juggle demands, adjust to change, and function independently in a busy world.

While these abilities are essential, children aren’t born with them fully developed. Executive functioning builds gradually, with guidance, practice, and support over time.

What Are Executive Functioning Skills?

Executive functioning is made up of several interconnected skills, including:

• Working memory: Holding and using information (e.g., remembering multi-step instructions).
• Inhibitory control: Thinking before acting, staying focused, and managing impulses.
• Cognitive flexibility: Adjusting when things change or when a new perspective is needed.
• Planning and organisation: Setting goals and taking steps to reach them.
• Emotional regulation: Managing big feelings in helpful, situation-appropriate ways.
• Task initiation and completion: Starting and following through with tasks, even when they’re challenging.

These skills take time to mature, and it’s completely normal for children to need ongoing support as they grow.

Why Executive Functioning Skills Matter for Kids

Executive functioning skills support nearly every part of a child’s daily life. Here’s how they help:

1. Learning at School

From following directions to managing time and switching tasks, executive skills are essential for school success.

2. Social Interactions

Waiting for a turn, adapting in group play, or managing disappointment — all of these rely on emotional and cognitive control.

3. Everyday Tasks

Simple routines like packing a school bag or remembering homework involve planning and working memory.

4. Emotional Wellbeing

Being able to self-soothe, problem-solve, and adjust expectations helps children feel confident and capable.

It’s Not About Laziness or Misbehaviour

When children struggle with executive functioning, it’s easy to assume they’re being lazy or defiant. But that’s not the case. These challenges often signal that a child needs more support — not discipline.

For neurodivergent children especially, executive functioning skills may develop differently or need more intentional guidance. Compassion and understanding go a long way in creating a safe space to grow.

How Can We Support Executive Function Development?

These skills are like muscles — they get stronger with use. Here are simple, relationship-based strategies to help:

• Break tasks into smaller steps
  What seems simple to an adult might feel overwhelming to a child. Step-by-step support makes things manageable.
• Use visuals and checklists
  These tools reduce the mental load and encourage independence.
• Create consistent routines
  Predictable patterns make daily life smoother and help children learn what to expect.
• Offer extra time and flexibility
  Transitions can be tricky. Give advance warnings and provide a buffer when possible.
• Model emotional regulation
  Children learn from watching adults. Use real moments to show how you calm down or adapt.
• Celebrate effort over outcomes
  Praise the process — especially when children try hard, even if the result isn’t perfect.

Final Thoughts

Executive functioning skills don’t develop overnight. With time, guidance, and understanding, children can grow into these abilities at their own pace.

Instead of focusing on what’s not working, let’s ask: “What kind of support does this child need to succeed?” By creating supportive, connection-based environments, we help children thrive — not just academically, but emotionally and socially too.

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If you feel like your child is struggling with executive functioning, talk to an occupational therapist for further guidance. Contact MoveAbout today. Check out our Facebook and Instagram pages for more education regarding sensory processing and regulation.

Author: Jake Robinson, Team Leader & Paediatric Occupational Therapist
5-7 min read

Introduction

Many older children and teens (ages 12–18) don’t fit into typical developmental expectations, yet they still need meaningful support. It can be frustrating when they are expected to do things they’re not ready for—both for the child and the adults supporting them.

The Developmental, Individual Differences, Relationship-Based (DIR) model helps us focus on a child’s developmental level rather than their age. This approach allows us to support them in ways that make sense for their unique needs.

For children who are still building foundational skills, play is a powerful way to help them grow—even in their teen years. Play isn’t just for young kids; it strengthens connections, builds essential life skills, and makes everyday tasks easier.

Why Developmental Levels Matter More Than Age

Many people assume that by adolescence, children have mastered basic skills like self-regulation, dressing, managing schoolwork, or socialising. However, for neurodivergent children or those with developmental differences, these skills may still be developing.

For example, a 14-year-old may struggle with emotional regulation and communication in ways that are more common in younger children. Yet, because they look older, they are often expected to manage personal care, school responsibilities, and social interactions without the right support.

Instead of asking, “What should a 14-year-old be able to do?”, we should ask, “What support does this child need to take the next step in their growth?” Meeting them where they are reduces frustration, builds confidence, and supports skill development in a way that feels natural.

The First Four DIR Levels: A Foundation for Growth

The DIR model has six levels, but for older children who are still developing foundational skills, the first four are the most relevant. These levels help us understand how to support emotional regulation, communication, and problem-solving—essential skills for daily life.

Level 1: Feeling Calm and Connected

Some older children still struggle to stay calm and focused, making everyday tasks—like getting dressed or brushing teeth—difficult. Before teaching new skills, we need to help them feel safe and regulated.

Ways to support this level:

• Use sensory-friendly strategies like deep pressure (hugs, weighted blankets) or movement breaks.
• Identify and reduce triggers that cause stress.
• Build trust through fun, low-pressure activities.

Example: A 16-year-old who avoids brushing their teeth might not be “defiant”—they may dislike the sensation of the toothbrush. Instead of forcing the task, we can start with sensory play, like experimenting with different textures or playing with water, to make it more comfortable.

Level 2: Building Connection and Motivation

At this stage, relationships and emotions play a key role in learning. If a child feels connected and engaged, they are more likely to participate in activities and develop new skills.

Ways to support this level:

• Prioritise fun and connection before focusing on tasks.
• Use their interests to spark engagement (e.g., incorporating superheroes into daily routines).
• Adapt the environment to support focus and comfort.

Example: If a 13-year-old refuses to get dressed, we can turn it into a game—“Let’s pretend we’re getting ready for a secret mission!” This makes the task playful instead of stressful.

Level 3: Back-and-Forth Communication

Communication isn’t just about talking—it includes gestures, facial expressions, and body language. When children struggle with this, daily routines and social interactions can be challenging.

Ways to support this level:

• Encourage non-verbal communication (pointing, pictures, or sign language).
• Play turn-taking games to strengthen social skills.
• Use role-play and storytelling to practice real-life situations.

Example: If a teen struggles to ask for help in the bathroom, we can practice through role-play. Using dolls, characters, or a pretend scenario can help them feel more confident.

Level 4: Problem-Solving and Flexibility

At this level, kids begin to handle longer conversations, solve problems, and think flexibly—essential skills for independence. However, these can be difficult for children with executive functioning challenges.

Ways to support this level:

• Play pretend games that involve problem-solving (e.g., “What would we do if we ran out of shampoo?”).
• Use visual schedules or checklists to support planning.
• Encourage turn-taking games to build flexible thinking.

Example: Cooking requires planning and problem-solving. Instead of jumping straight into real cooking, we can start by playing “restaurant” or “chef”, helping children practice sequencing and decision-making in a fun way.

Why Play Is Important for Older Children

Play is often seen as something for young kids, but it remains a powerful tool for older children and teens. It makes learning more engaging and reduces stress.

Benefits of play-based learning:

• Encourages engagement – When something is fun, kids want to participate.
• Builds coordination – Activities like board games or sports improve motor skills.
• Supports communication – Interactive games help with social skills.
• Strengthens planning skills – Strategy games improve organisation and flexibility.

Example: If a teen struggles with getting dressed, we can turn it into a game—playing “fashion designer” or setting a one-minute outfit challenge.

Making Daily Life Easier Through Play

Many everyday tasks can be taught in a playful, engaging way:

• Hygiene: Water play can make toothbrushing or bathing less stressful.
• Dressing: Costume play or “beat the clock” challenges can make getting dressed more fun.
• Cooking: Pretend cooking and hands-on food play help with kitchen skills.

When we bring play into daily routines, learning feels natural and enjoyable.

Conclusion: Meeting Children Where They Are

Instead of focusing on what a child “should” be able to do at a certain age, we need to recognise their individual developmental level. Play-based learning is not just for young children—it’s a valuable tool to help older children and teens build independence, confidence, and essential life skills.

By using the DIR model and focusing on relationship-driven, engaging experiences, we can help older children thrive in their own way and at their own pace.

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If you feel like your child is struggling with play and skill development, talk to an occupational therapist for further guidance. Contact MoveAbout today. Check out our Facebook and Instagram pages for more education regarding sensory processing and regulation.

Author: Daniella Galla, Paediatric Occupational Therapist
5 min read

Introduction

If your child comes home from school exhausted, emotional, or overwhelmed, you’re not alone. Many children experience after-school restraint collapse—a release of pent-up emotions after a long day of holding it together.

For children in their first year of school, autistic children, and those with sensory processing differences or learning challenges, this can be even more pronounced. Understanding why it happens and how to support your child can make all the difference.

Why Do Children Have Meltdowns After School?

Emotional Exhaustion

School requires children to focus, follow instructions, manage social interactions, and regulate emotions. By the time they get home, they may feel drained, making them more prone to meltdowns.

Sensory Overload

Schools are full of bright lights, constant noise, and busy hallways. For children sensitive to sensory input, this can be overwhelming. Even though home offers relief, the sudden shift to a quieter environment can still feel jarring.

Masking and Bottled-Up Emotions

Many children suppress their true emotions at school, trying to fit in and meet expectations. Once they’re home—where they feel safe—those emotions may spill out in big ways.

Transition Challenges

Moving from structured school routines to a more relaxed home environment can be difficult. The lack of clear expectations at home may leave children feeling unsettled, leading to frustration and outbursts.

Hunger and Fatigue

Many children don’t eat much at school or are too busy to notice their hunger. Low blood sugar, combined with exhaustion, can make after-school meltdowns more likely.

How to Support Your Child After School

Understanding the causes of after-school meltdowns can help you implement strategies to provide comfort and regulation.

1. Prioritise Connection

After a long day apart, reconnecting with your child is key. Spend a few minutes doing something they enjoy—playing, reading, or simply sitting with them while they decompress. This reassurance can help them feel safe and supported.

2. Offer a Sensory-Friendly Snack

A nutritious snack can stabilise blood sugar and support sensory regulation. Crunchy foods like carrot sticks, apples, or popcorn provide oral proprioceptive input, which can be calming. Cold foods, such as yoghurt or smoothies, can be refreshing and alerting. Experiment with different textures and temperatures to see what helps your child regulate.

3. Create a Transition Routine

A predictable after-school routine can ease the shift from school to home. Consider including:

• A few minutes of quiet time
• A snack
• Free play or outdoor time before structured activities

4. Allow for Movement

After sitting still for most of the day, many children benefit from movement. A trip to the park, a bike ride, or stretching exercises can help regulate their nervous system.

5. Provide a Calm and Safe Space

A designated calm zone at home can be helpful. This might be a cosy corner with pillows, books, or sensory tools like weighted blankets or fidget toys.

6. Encourage Emotional Expression

Help your child name and express their emotions. Some may prefer to talk through play or drawing rather than direct questioning. Let them know it’s okay to feel overwhelmed and that you’re there to support them.

7. Reduce Immediate Demands

Jumping straight into homework or chores after school can feel overwhelming. Giving children some downtime first can prevent power struggles and resistance.

8. Consider Sensory Needs

If your child is prone to sensory overload, try strategies like dim lighting, noise-cancelling headphones, or deep-pressure activities (such as bear hugs or weighted blankets) to help them regulate.

9. Limit Screen Time Initially

Screens may seem like an easy way to help children unwind, but too much stimulation can make regulation harder. Encourage hands-on or movement-based activities before introducing screen time.

10. Be Patient and Empathetic

After-school meltdowns are not misbehaviour—they signal that your child feels safe enough to let their guard down. Your calm and understanding presence can make a big difference in helping them regulate.

Final Thoughts

After-school meltdowns are a natural response to a long and demanding day. By understanding the underlying causes and establishing a supportive routine, you can help your child navigate this transition more smoothly.

Every child is different, so it may take some trial and error to find what works best. The most important thing is to create a safe space where they feel understood, supported, and able to process their emotions.

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If you feel like your child is struggling with emotional regulation or engagement, talk to an occupational therapist for further guidance. Contact MoveAbout today. Check out our Facebook and Instagram pages for more education regarding sensory processing and regulation.

By Tayla Gabin, Paediatric Occupational Therapist
5 min read

When a child is in occupational therapy, their journey isn’t just their own—it involves the whole family. Therapy helps children develop skills for daily life, such as coordination, sensory processing, and independence in activities like dressing, eating, and play.

As a grandparent or family member, you may wonder how to offer meaningful support. The good news is that your involvement—whether emotional, practical, or hands-on—can make a real difference. A neuro-affirming approach focuses on respecting each child’s unique strengths and needs rather than trying to “fix” challenges.

Here’s how you can help in a way that celebrates the child for who they are and supports their occupational therapy journey.

1. Encouraging Follow-Through at Home—With Flexibility

Occupational therapy sessions lay the foundation, but progress happens in daily life. Parents may have home-based activities from therapy, but with busy schedules, extra support is valuable.

How You Can Help:

• Engage in activities the child enjoys—many therapy strategies can be built into play.
• Ask parents how best to support rather than assuming what’s needed.
• Focus on connection, not compliance—if a child resists an activity, respect their feelings and try a different approach.

For example, if a child is working on coordination, they might enjoy jumping, climbing, or dancing more than structured exercises. Letting them take the lead makes learning natural and fun.

2. Being an Emotional Anchor for Parents

Parenting a neurodivergent child or a child with additional support needs can be both joyful and exhausting. Many parents feel pressured to meet societal expectations that may not fit their child. A non-judgemental support system makes all the difference.

How You Can Help:

• Listen with empathy—sometimes, parents just need a safe space to talk.
• Offer practical help, like watching siblings or assisting with errands.
• Avoid “fix-it” thinking—trust that parents and therapists know what’s best.

Even if you don’t fully understand OT or neurodivergence, simply being present and willing to learn shows parents they are not alone.

3. Learning About OT First-Hand

If the child, parents, and therapist agree, attending an occupational therapy session can help you understand how to support the child in daily life. Play-based therapy, sensory activities, and skill-building exercises might look different from traditional learning, so seeing them in action can be insightful.

How You Can Help:

• Ask parents if you can observe a session or if they can share key takeaways.
• Focus on understanding, not measuring progress—every child’s development is unique.
• Respect the child’s boundaries—some children may feel uncomfortable with extra people in the room.

If attending a session isn’t possible, asking parents or the therapist for general guidance can still be helpful.

4. Creating a Supportive Home Environment

A child’s environment plays a huge role in their comfort and ability to engage in activities. Small adjustments can make everyday experiences more enjoyable.

How You Can Help:

• Provide a welcoming space with familiar toys, quiet areas, or sensory-friendly items.
• Be flexible with routines—some children thrive on structure, while others need more freedom.
• Celebrate effort, not just outcomes—praising a child’s attempts helps build confidence.

Family gatherings and outings can sometimes feel overwhelming for children with sensory sensitivities. Offering choices—like a quiet space to retreat to—can help them feel safe and included.

5. Respecting the Child’s Unique Way of Being

A neuro-affirming approach means embracing each child’s way of processing the world. Instead of focusing on making a child fit into typical expectations, support them in ways that honour their natural way of thinking, feeling, and interacting.

How You Can Help:

• Avoid comparisons—every child develops at their own pace, and differences are not deficits.
• Honour their sensory needs—some children seek movement, while others need quiet and predictability.
• Let the child take the lead—allowing them to express themselves in their own way builds confidence.

For example, if a child prefers to communicate through gestures, pictures, or alternative methods rather than spoken words, support their way of expressing themselves rather than trying to change it.

Final Thoughts

Grandparents and extended family members can be a wonderful source of support in a child’s occupational therapy journey. Whether through emotional encouragement, hands-on help, or simply being present, your involvement matters.

The most important thing is to approach your role with patience, love, and an open mind. By working together as a family, you can create an environment where the child—and their parents—feel valued, accepted, and supported every step of the way.

Would you like more specific ideas based on your family’s situation? Let’s continue the conversation!

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If you want to know how you or your family members can support your child’s Occupational Therapy journey, talk to an occupational therapist for further guidance. Contact MoveAbout today. Check out our Facebook and Instagram pages for more education regarding sensory processing and regulation.